Kalimat aktif (active
voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat
pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh
object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive
voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan
tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice
merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
Active : We fertilize
the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat
kita lihat bahwa:
Object dari active voice
(the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin
di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 +
by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice
dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets them
everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
Active : She waters this
plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice
dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
Active : He met them
yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
Active : She watered
this plant this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice
dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau
‘have been’
Contoh:
Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
Passive : They have been met by him
Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice
dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met them
before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
Active : She had watered
this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice
dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active : He will meet
them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
Active : She will water
this plant this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
Active : The farmers are
going to harvest the crops next week
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice
dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active : He will have
met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Active : She will have
watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice
dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active : He would have
met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
Active : She would have
watered this plant.
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice
dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau
are) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He is meeting
them now.
Passive : They are being met by him now.
Passive : They are being met by him now.
Active : She is watering
this plant now.
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice
dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were)
+ being.
Contoh:
Active : He was meeting
them.
Passive : They were being met by him.
Passive : They were being met by him.
Active : She was
watering this plant.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice
dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have)
been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He has been
meeting them.
Passive : They have been being met by him.
Passive : They have been being met by him.
Active : She has been
watering this plant.
Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice
dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had
been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He had been
meeting them.
Passive : They had been being met by him.
Passive : They had been being met by him.
Active : She had been
watering this plant.
Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice
dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be +
being.
Contoh:
Active : He will be
meeting them.
Passive : They will be being met by him.
Passive : They will be being met by him.
Active : She will be
watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice
dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be
+ being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be
meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Active : She would be
watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice
dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will
have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will have
been meeting them.
Passive : They will have been being met by him.
Passive : They will have been being met by him.
Active : She will have
been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice
dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah
would have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be
meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Active : She would be
watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
